Anna Mae Violet McCabe Hays of the Army Nurse Corps to become the first female general officer in American history in 1970. Thus, because she was chief of her corps, it was possible for Col. Corps functions had existed previously in the medical department, but organization into a corps not only formalized the position of the specialty in the military bureaucracy but also regularized the status of the individuals and provided for commissions, tenure, and pensions. The army established the Nurse Corps in 1901, the Dental Corps in 1911, the Veterinary Corps in 1916, and the Sanitary Corps in 1917 the latter became the Medical Service Corps in 1947 when the Women's (since 1966, Army) Medical Specialist Corps enrolled dietitians and physical and occupational therapists. A hospital corps, providing formal instruction for enlisted men as physicians' assistants, was formed in 1887 the present civilian programs for paramedical physician extenders have their philosophical base in this system. Medical officers gained military rank in 1847. On 14 April 1818, Congress reorganized the staff departments of the army and established the present medical department. Military physicians wrote several texts on surgery, on preventive medicine, and on pharmacy during the Revolutionary War, the first American publications of their kind. The organization followed the model of the British army. George Washington during the siege of Boston. Medical support for an American army began on 27 July 1775 when the Continental Congress established a medical service for the army of Gen. As part of a military hierarchy, the organization of structured medical command and administrative systems has been important for interaction with the line and for function in combat. MEDICINE, MILITARY, as a specialty, has focused on the surgical management of mass casualties on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, especially tropical diseases and, in the twentieth century, on the effects of operating military machines such as submarines and airplanes.
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